Topic archive

Banks

Research and practical notes filed under this topic.

December 15, 2025

Third-Party Risk Management for Debt Buyers and Collectors

Third-party risk management (TPRM) is a bank’s risk-based process for assessing, contracting with, and monitoring firms that support bank activities. For debt buyers, collection agencies, and service providers, the practical task is to provide evidence of controls that fits the work, data, consumer contact, and subcontractor risk. This guide separates current federal guidance from a one-size-fits-all compliance deck and identifies points that need legal review.

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January 15, 2025

AI Credit Boxes: Building Explainable Underwriting Models

An AI credit box combines documented underwriting policy with a governed model that supports eligibility, terms, and review decisions. This guide explains how to define the decision, control data and exceptions, validate performance, monitor drift, and account for federal adverse-action requirements.

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January 6, 2025

ALLL and CECL: Allowance for Credit Losses Explained

The allowance for credit losses is an accounting estimate of credit losses an institution expects to incur on covered financial assets. This guide explains how the legacy ALLL concept differs from the Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL) approach, what supports a sound estimate, and where U.S. regulatory context matters.

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